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AHRQ Resources

Acumentra Health

Diabetes Care: Tools and Resources on Clinical Guidelines, Comprehensive Visits, and Periodic Examinations

Indian Health Service

The Pandemic Influenza Planning Workbook: A Planning Guide for American Indian/Alaska Native Communities

Montgomery County Department of Health and Human Services

Stay At Home Toolkit for Influenza

New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene

Trainings, Drills, Exercises: Hospital and Primary Care Centers Tabletop Toolkit

New York State Department of Health

Diabetes Prevention and Management Toolkit

Patient Education

References

Website Bulletin Boards

Articles:

Glycemic Control During Hospitalization

Inpatient Diabetes Position Statement
Inpatient Diabetes Position Statement from the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Also available at: http://www.aace.com/clin/guidelines/InpatientDiabetesPositionStatement.pdf

Ahmann A. Reduction of hospital costs and length of stay by good control of blood glucose levels. Endocrine Practice. 2004;10(suppl 2): 53-56.

Almbrand B , Johannesson M , Sjostrand B , Malmberg K , Ryden L .
Cost-effectiveness of intense insulin treatment after acute myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus; results from the DIGAMI study.

Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden . European Heart Journal. 2000 May;21(9):733-9

American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, Glycemic Control during Hospitalization InpatientDiabetes Position Statement

Bode B, Braithwaite S , Steed R, et al. Intravenous insulin infusion therapy: indications, methods, and transition to subcutaneous insulin therapy .
Endocrine Practice. 2004;10 (Suppl 2):71–80.

Bruno , A, et al. Admission glucose level and clinical outcomes in the NINDS rt-PA stroke trial. Neurology. 2002;59:669. Abstract available at:

Capes, Sarah E. Stress hyperglycemia and prognosis of stroke in nondiabetic and
diabetic patients: a systematic overview
. Stroke. 2001;32:2426. Abstract available online at:

Chaudhuri A , Janicke D , Wilson M , et al. Anti-inflammatory and profibrinolytic effect of insulin in acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction . Circulation. 2004;109(7):849–54.

Clement S, Braithwaite S, Magee M, Ahmann A, Smith E, Schafer R, Hirsch I.
Management of Diabetes and Hyperglycemia in Hospitals
. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27, (2):553-591.

Clinical Anesthesiology High Intra-op Glucose Tied To Increased In-Hospital Morbidity.  Anesthesiology News September 2005.

Use of Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (Insulin Pump) Therapy in the Hospital Setting: Proposed Guidelines and Outcome Measures
The Diabetes Educator.  Vol. 31 No. 6, November/December 2005.

Coursin, Daniel B. , Murray , Michael J. , How Sweet is Euglycemia in Critically Ill Patients? Department of Anesthesiology Mayo Clinic  Jacksonville , Fla Address reprint requests and correspondence to Douglas B. Coursin, MD, B6/319 UW CSC, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792-3272 (e-mail: ).

The CREATE-ECLA Trial Group Investigators.  Effect of Glucose-Insulin-Potassium Infusion

Davidson, P., Steed, R. Dennis, Bode, Bruce W. Glucommander:  A computer-directed intravenous insulin system shown to be safe, simple, and effective in 120,618 h of operationDiabetes Care 28:2418–2423, 2005.

Dean J. Intensive Insulin Therapy in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes.
Hospital Medicine. 2004;65(5):288-292.

Finney . Glucose control and mortality in critically ill patients. JAMA. 2003;290;2041.

Furnary A , Zerr K, Grunkemeier G , et al. Continuous intravenous insulin infusion reduces the incidence of deep sternal wound infection in diabetic patients after cardiac surgical procedures . Annals of Thoracic Surgery . 1999;67(2):352–60.

Garber A, Moghissi E, Bransome E Jr., et al; American College of Endocrinology
Task Force on Inpatient Diabetes Metabolic Control. American College of Endocrinology position statement on inpatient diabetes and metabolic control.

Endocrine Practice 2004;10 (Suppl 2):4–9.

Goldberg P, Siegel M , Sherwin R, et al. Implementation of a safe and effective insulin infusion protocol in a medical intensive care unit . Diabetes Care. 2004;27(2):461–7.

Hawkins, Joseph B., Jr., Morales, Charles M., Shipp, Joseph C.,
INSULIN REQUIREMENTS IN 242 PATIENTS WITH TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS
Endocrine Practice, Volume 1, Number 6 / November / December 1995, pgs 385-389.

Glycemic Control Workbook from the Society of Hospital Medicine

High Intra-op Glucose Tied To Increased In-Hospital Morbidity.  Anesthesiology News October 2005

Hirsch IB. Insulin therapy for diabetes: is the future now?
Clinical Diabetes. 2001;19:146–7. Abstract available:

Krinsley, James S, Association Between Hyperglycemia and Increased
Hospital Mortality in a Heterogeneous Population of Critically Ill Patients,

From the Division of Critical Care, The Stamford Hospital, Stamford, Conn. Presented
in part at the National Coalition on Health Care and Institute for Healthcare Improvements, Washington, DC, September 2002, and at the Society of Critical Care Medicine's "Summit on ICU Cost and Quality," Chicago, Ill, May 2003.

Krinsley, James S , Effect of an intensive glucose management protocol on the mortality of critically ill adult patients. Mayo Clin Proc. 2004;79:992-1000. From the Critical Care Unit, The Stamford Hospital Stamford , Conn. Address reprint requests and correspondence to James Stephen Krinsley, MD, Director of Critical Care, The Stamford Hospital, 190 W Broad St, Stamford, CT 06902

Levetan. Effect of hyperglycemia on stroke outcome. Endocrine Practice. 2004;10(suppl 2):34.

Lewis K , Kane-Gill S, Bobek M , Dasta F. Intensive Insulin Therapy for Critically Ill Patients. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2004;38.

Lien L, Spratt S , Woods Z, et al. A new intravenous insulin nomogram in intensive
care
units improves management of persistent hyperglycemia (Abstract). Diabetes. 2003;52 (Suppl 1):A125.

Malmberg K, Ryden L, Wedel H, Birkeland K, Bootsma A, Dickstein K, Efendic S, Fisher M, Hamsten A,Herlitz J, Hildebrandt P, MacLeod K, Laakso M, Torp-Pedersen C, Waldenstrom A; DIGAMI 2 Investigators. Intense metabolic control by means of insulin in patients with diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI 2): effects on mortality and morbidity. Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 76 Stockholm , Sweden . Eur Heart J. 2005 Apr;26(7):650-61. Epub 2005 Feb 23.

Malmberg K , Ryden L , Efendic S , et al. Randomized trial of insulin-glucose infusion followed by subcutaneous insulin treatment in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI study): effects on mortality at 1 year . Journal of the American College of Cardiologists, 1995;26(1):57–65.

Markovitz L, Wiechmann R, Harris N, et al. Description and evaluation of a glycemic management protocol for patients with diabetes undergoing heart surgery . Endocrine Practice, 2002;8(1):10–8.

Moghissi E. Hospital management of diabetes: Beyond the sliding scale. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 2004;71(10):801-808.

On Mortality in Patients With Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction The CREATE-ECLA Randomized Controlled TrialJAMA. 2005;293:437-446

Improving Hyperglycemia Management in the Intensive Care Unit
Preliminary Report of a Nurse-Driven Quality Improvement Project Using a Redesigned Insulin Infusion Algorithm

Robert C. Osburne, MD, Curtiss B. Cook, MD, Lawrence Stockton, RPh, CDM, Marianne Baird, RN, MN, Valerie Harmon, RN, BSN, CCRN, Annie Keddo, RN, Teresa Pounds, PharmD, Linda Lowey, RN, CDE, Joyce Reid, RN, MS, Kathryn A. McGowan, MPH and Paul C. Davidson, MD
Diabetes Educator, May/June 2006
Abstract available free online: http://tde.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/32/3/394

Pills for Type 2 Diabetes: A Guide for Adults
AHRQ Consumer Summary Guide published 5 Dec 2007
http://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/reports/topic.cfm?topic=5&sid=37&rType=1&sType=1

Pittas A, Siegel R , Lau J. Insulin therapy for critically ill hospitalized patients:
a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2004;164(18):2005-11.

Pomposelli. Early postoperative glucose control predicts nosocomial infection rate in diabetic patients. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 1998;22:77.

Preiser J , Devos P , Van den Berghe G. Tight control of glycaemia in critically ill patients . Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care. 2002;5(5):533–7.

Safe use of insulin in hospitals American Society of Health System Pharmacists http://www.ashp.org’emplibrary/Safe_Use_of_Insulin.pdf

Sheehan, John P., Weissman, Peter
New Mechanisms of Glucose Contro: Expanding Therapeutic Options with Incretin Mimetic Therapies. CME

Stagnaro-Green, Alex S , Mortality in hospitalized patients with hypoglycemia and severe hypoglycemia. Mt. Sinai Journal of Medicine. 1995;62:422.

Strategies to Achieving Target Glycemic Control Sponsored by Discovery Institute of Medical Education Supported by an unrestricted educational grant from sanofi-aventis Group

Trence D , Kelly J, Hirsch I. The rationale and management of hyperglycemia for inpatients with cardiovascular disease: time for change. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2003;88(6):2430–7.

Umpierrez G. Hyperglycemia: an independent marker of inhospital mortality in patients with undiagnosed diabetes. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2002;897:978-82.

Umpierrez G , Kitabchi A. ICU care for patients with diabetes; Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes . 2004;11:75–81.

Van den Berghe, Greet MD, PhD; Wouters, Pieter J. MSc; Bouillon, Roger MD, PhD; Weekers, Frank MD; Verwaest, Charles MD; Schetz, Miet MD, PhD; Vlasselaers, Dirk MD; Ferdinande, Patrick MD, PhD; Lauwers, Peter MD Outcome benefit of intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill: Insulin dose versus glycemic control. Critical Care Medicine. 31(2):359-366, February 2003. Abstract available at:

Van den Berghe G , Wouters P , Weekers F, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill patients . N Engl J Med . 2001;345(19):1359–67.

Van den Berghe G, Wilmer A, Hermans G, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in the medical icu. N Engl J Med. 2006:354:449-61.

Van den Berghe G. Tight control of glycaemia in critically ill patients. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2002;5(5):533–7

Van den Berghe G , Tight Blood Glucose Control With Insulin in “Real-Life” Intensive Care, Department of Intensive Care Medicine University of Leuven Leuven, Belgium Dr Van den Berghe has received research grants from the Fund for Scientific Research, Flanders , Belgium (G.0278.03; G.3C05.95N),
and the Catholic University of Leuven (OT03/56) and an unrestricted research grant from Novo Nordisk Denmark Address reprint requests and correspondence to Gretta Van den Berghe, MD, PhD, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium (e-mail: ).

Vora A , Saleem T , Polomano R , et al. Improved perioperative glycemic control by continuous insulin infusion under supervision of an endocrinologist does not increase costs in patients with diabetes . Endocrine Practice. 2004;10(2):112–8.

Watts N, Gebhart S , Clark R, et al. Postoperative management of diabetes mellitus: steady-state glucose control with bedside algorithm for insulin adjustment . Diabetes Care . 1987;10 (6):772–8.

Woo J, Lam C, Kay R, et al. The influence of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus on immediate and 3-month morbidity and mortality after acute stroke .
Archives of Neurology. 1990;47(11):1174–7.

Insulin Pump Use

American Diabetes Association 63rd Scientific Sessions
Insulin Delivery/Glucose Monitoring

Bruce W. Bode, MD; William V. Tamborlane , MD ; Paul C. Davidson , MD
Insulin pump therapy in the 21st century
Strategies for successful use in adults, adolescents, and children with diabetes Postgraduate Medicine, Vol 111, No 5, May 2002.

Muir , Andrew , New Technologies for Monitoring Metabolic Control of Diabetes in Children and Adolescents  CME

Gestational Diabetes

Jovanovic L, Sansom Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara , California , USA . Glucose and insulin requirements during labor and delivery: the case for normoglycemia in pregnancies complicated by diabetes.

Endocr Pract . 2004 Mar-Apr;10 Suppl 2:40-5.

7 self-care behaviors that are key to diabetes management (from The American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE):

AHRQ National Guidelines Clearinghouse (11/2007)

American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the management of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes and pregnancy. This updates a previously published guideline summary.

American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the management of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes management in the hospital setting. This updates a previously published guideline summary.

American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the management of diabetes mellitus. Glycemic management. This updates a previously published guideline summary.

American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the management of diabetes mellitus. Hypertension management. This updates a previously published guideline summary.

American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the management of diabetes mellitus. Lipid management. This updates a previously published guideline summary.

American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the management of diabetes mellitus. Microvascular complications. This updates a previously published guideline summary.

American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the management of diabetes mellitus. Nutrition and diabetes. This updates a previously published guideline summary.

American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the management of diabetes mellitus. Patient safety in diabetes care. This updates a previously published guideline summary.

American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the management of diabetes mellitus. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This updates a previously published guideline summary.

American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the management of diabetes mellitus. Screening and diagnosis. This updates a previously published guideline summary.